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Un nombre élevé de salmonidés (22 % – 61 %), des prédateurs aquatiques, se nourrissent de grillons des caves (des genres Diestrammena Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888 et Tachycines Adelung, 1902) en septembre dans cinq cours d’eau de montagne du Japon où ce système hôte–parasite existe. Dans un exemple bien connu de manipulation du comportement de l’hôte par un parasite, les grillons infectés par des vers gordiens (Nematomorpha) matures recherchent l’eau et s’y précipitent lorsque le ver a atteint le stade de vie libre. Cependant, on n’a jamais étudié le type de parasitisme qui favorise l’apport des ressources allochtones. Résuméĭans les paysages hétérogènes, les flux d’énergie et de nutriments passent par diverses voies et relient étroitement les réseaux alimentaires des habitats locaux. Trout ingested a greater mass of crickets than other prey species in September, and this energy influx may play an important role in food-web dynamics in headwater streams. This is the first documentation of parasitism enhancing allochthonous resource input in nature.
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Our results strongly suggest that hairworms enhance stream salmonid predation on camel crickets. Trout (Kirikuchi charr, Salvelinus leucomaenis japonicus (Oshima, 1961) red-spotted masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou ishikawae Jordan and McGregor, 1925) that preyed on crickets frequently ingested hairworms, whereas trout that did not prey on crickets did not ingest hairworms.
![download horsehair worms in crickets download horsehair worms in crickets](https://sp.rmbl.ws/s8/6/J/m/Z/C/JmZCa.WHqCc.1.jpg)
We found that a large number of trout (22%–61%), an aquatic predator, preyed on camel crickets (genera Diestrammena Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888 and Tachycines Adelung, 1902) in September in five Japanese mountain streams where this host–parasite system exists. In a well-known example of parasite manipulation of host behaviour, crickets infected by mature hairworms (Nematomorpha) seek and jump into water when the worms reach the free-living stage. However, parasitism that enhances allochthonous resource input has not been previously documented. Energy and nutrients flow in diverse pathways across heterogeneous landscapes and tightly link the discrete food webs in local habitats.
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